Life on Earth began millions of years ago. Simple unicellular organisms evolved into multicellular beings and eventually developed into complex animals. Anthropologist Harvard Moer traced the earliest human origins to the southern regions of Asia. He also argued that humans first domesticated animals in the Indian subcontinent. Archaeological findings confirm traces of early human life…
What is Religion? Religion is a spiritual idea. In the past, when people did not get an answer to a material problem, they associated it with a superpower. In other words, when people could not find an answer to their questions, they used a superpower to create an answer. The Evolution of Religions In ancient…
The Kirthar Mountains are part of the extended ranges linked to the Himalayas. Starting from the northern Himalayan chains, they stretch downward and end at the Sindhu Sea. This sea is also known as the Arabian Sea or the Indian Ocean. To the east lies the fertile Indus River plain, the cultural heartland of Sindh….
After the civilizations of Egypt, Iraq, Sindh, and China, Greece was perhaps the most advanced of all regions. Greece is located in southeastern Europe. It is located on the southern side of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey, as well as the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas. Greece is largely…
Historical Background of Jainism The Indus Valley Civilization developed in the fertile river valleys where the Indus, Ganges, and Yamuna rivers flowed. The valleys of Kashmir and the Himalayas added natural beauty to this region. This land remained prosperous. Herbs grew in abundance, gold flowed in the rivers, and precious stones and hot spices enriched…
Philosophy is the discipline of questioning, searching, and discovering truth. Human beings reach higher knowledge by thinking deeply, finding answers, and raising new questions. The Origins of Philosophy in Human Life Ancient humans began philosophy when they shifted from hunting to agriculture. Farmers cultivated seeds, created hybrids, and stored food. This change reduced hunger and…
Sikhism, a religion that originated in Punjab, combines elements of Hinduism and Islam. Moreover, it reflects thoughts influenced by both religions. This philosophy emerged during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Therefore, to understand this religion fully, we must examine the regional and Punjab context at that time. — Regional Political and Religious Situation…
Social and Economic Conditions of Lower Sindh and the Indus Delta From Mirpur Sakro to Nagarparkar: A Diverse Yet Struggling Region From Mirpur Sakro to Gharo Barri, Sujawal, Badin, and the edge of Thar—Mithi, Islamkot, and Nagarparkar—the geography is vast. On the border of Khahoor, across Samroti, Watt, the Rann of Kutch, and the Indus…
This religion emerged from the hot and dry land of Arabia. It enlightened the world with new laws, new teachings, and new messages under the leadership of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. Islam spread from the cities of Mecca and Medina to other parts of the Middle East and Asia. With Islam, the Arabic language also spread…
Introduction The Kirthar Mountain Range in Sindh, Pakistan, is among the most remarkable ancient landscapes of South Asia. It preserves traces of prehistoric human activity, early settlements, and enigmatic petroglyphs (Sindhi word Chitt). These carvings, found on rocks and in caves, hold immense archaeological value and connect Sindh with wider global traditions of prehistoric rock…
